Oldtime Country Music at archive.org

The Internet Archive may not be the first place you look for old-time country sounds, but some old-time radio and 78 rpm record collectors have digitized an amazing amount of 20th century American  culture.

I'll come back and edit this, but wanted to put a few links out where new old-time music friends can find them today.

Sorry if there are spelling errors, and if you have to cut and paste the links into a browser. The first draft of this was done with my left thumb on a smartphone during a singing class at Augusta Heritage Center. (https://augustaheritagecenter.org)

Most of these are radio. Some are 1950s TV. The Delmore brothers sell their gospel song book, the Willis Brothers  swing "Hillbilly Heaven." All Star Western Theatre combines accordion and guitar western harmonizing with short dramatic productions with cowboy movie stars of the forties. Pat Daniels Hillbilly Boys sold Hillbilly flour with Texas Swing, while Hank Williams sold Mother's Best flour with his country blues. Plenty here to explore.

https://archive.org/details/otr_countrymusictime

https://archive.org/details/OTRR_Delmore_Brothers_Singles

https://archive.org/details/OTRR_Certified_Delmore_Brothers

https://archive.org/details/GrandOldOpry-28april1956

https://archive.org/details/HankPennyHisRadioCowboys-01-10

https://archive.org/details/charlottecountry00holt Booklet PDF

https://archive.org/details/RanchParty1957

https://archive.org/details/0029OldTimeRadioReunion

https://archive.org/details/otr_countrymusictime

https://archive.org/details/OTRR_Mothers_Best_Flour_Singles

https://archive.org/details/OTRR_The_Hillbilly_Boys_Singles (Pat O'Daniel & the...), 74 episodes

https://archive.org/details/OTRR_All_Star_Western_Theatre_Singles

https://archive.org/details/otr_geneautry

https://archive.org/details/RoyRogers01-10

Some songs from Augusta

After singing along with these songs in Paul Brown's workshops at Davis & Elkins College's Augusta Heritage old-time music week,  I compulsively went off looking for alternative versions, additional lyrics,  and YouTube videos.

Cumberland Gap
https://youtu.be/t4Jawe-M2yc

Deadheads and suckers
https://youtu.be/N1byRXjV2LU

Tempy Roll Down Your Bangs
http://mudcat.org/thread.cfm?threadid=18014

Railroad Bill (with brakemans vest, nancy hanks verse)
http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2013/09/riley-puckett-railroad-bill-information.html

Trouble in Mind
https://youtu.be/8a54Nz6aYYY

My home is across the blue ridge mountains
https://youtu.be/Z7i1CQv74aE

Walking in my sleep
https://youtu.be/LoRFJd47rtU

Poor Ellen Smith
murder case, Winston Salem c.1897

http://www.murderbygaslight.com/2010/07/poor-ellen-smith.html

http://mobile.nytimes.com/2009/02/02/us/02land.html?pagewanted=all&referrer=

It's a tiple

I finally made a short video of my other ukulele-family instrument, a 10-string "tiple." I'd like to think it was by popular request... a request usually phrased as "What the hell is that thing?"

The Martin guitar company made tiples for 50 years or more, using the same combinations of woods they used for guitars -- all mahogany models (15 or 17), or mahogany or rosewood tiples with spruce tops (18 or 28) -- but I see no immediate threat of a revival in tiple playing... However, something inspired the Ohana ukulele company to produce this version. In Colombia there is a larger instrument by the same name, with some marvelous players. Other Latin American countries use the same word to describe somewhat different instruments. YouTube may find you examples. Here's mine:

(Video oops... for some reason, when I talk about the tuning and play the four open notes, I say "from top to bottom" while picking the strings from bottom to top! Sorry if that confuses anyone. More on tuning below.)

Martin-style tiples were also made by companies from Regal and Harmony to D'Angelico. I haven't retrieved a copy of Mike Longworth's Martin Guitar history recently, but the folks at Mandolin Brothers did -- when they had a tiple for sale some years ago -- and said, "The Martin Tiple, Longworth says, was designed around 1920 from a somewhat larger prototype imported from Argentina by Mr. William J. Smith who owned a New York City music company that bore his name." They also included more details about the specific model, a rosewood-and-spruce T-28. Various folks at Wikipedia have been chronicling a the instruments called "tiple" in the Spanish-speaking world. I've even added some of the information there on the "tiple NorteAmericano." 

For a couple of years while the bookmarking service "Delicious" was in regular operation, I saved almost 50 bookmarks to Web pages about the instrument (including parts of the blog http://martintiple.blogspot.com/) and YouTube videos of tiple players including the Spirits of Rhythm, the Cats & the Fiddle, Ed Askew, and more (at del.icio.us/bstepno/tiple) but the service has changed hands and has gone in and out of operation, while the internet archive preserved only a few of the links. So I have added a few more links below and will write other blog posts about interesting tiples now and then.

Repairman Jake Wildwood in Vermont has posted numerous blog essays on tiples he has patched up and played over the years, including tiples made by Martin, Regal, Harmony and more -- and sometimes he includes audio or video clips. 

Here's my favorite tiple video... How "The Cats and the Fiddle" kept their instruments in tune with all the flipping and twirling in this movie amazes me. Perhaps Ohana needs to study 1930s Martins a bit more. 

https://youtu.be/SEQ9Sz0UCl8

The tuning is similar to a uke (or a guitar capoed at the fifth fret), but in four courses --
Gg-cCc-eEe-aa -- with the big letters indicating strings tuned an octave lower than the ones they are paired or tripled up with.

By the way, the second tune I play on that YouTube demo is one of my favorites, "I wish I could shimmy like my sister Kate," using a chord progression folks of a certain age will recognize as pretty similar to Country Joe MacDonald's "Feel like I'm fixin' to die rag."

So far the high point of my tiplista career was in 2015 introducing ukulele-playing songwriter Nellie McKay (be still my heart.) to the instrument in the Abingdon, Va., Barter Theater lobby after a Mountain Stage live-concert recording session. I think I have a picture of her playing it around here somewhere. With luck I'll find it and add it here. With even more luck, I'll get to see her again before long. I haven't seen any evidence that Nellie has acquired a tiple of her own, but YouTube does have a clip of her playing a more conventional 8-string uke, linked here for comparison with the 10-string tiple sound.

In 2017 I added a few links to a Southern Virginia band with a rhythm tiple in a separate post here:

http://boblog.blogspot.com/2017/05/four-virginians-with-tiple.html

Here's another knowledgeable post about tiples, with some interesting discussion:

http://www.homebrewedmusic.com/2013/02/08/ever-heard-of-a-martin-tiple

And a reissue of recordings by "Big Boy" Teddy Edwards, Chicago blues singer who recorded some solo tiple-accompanied vocals in the 1930s:
https://thedocumentrecordsstore.com/product/DOCD-5440/

Here's a sample of Edwards' style on YouTube: https://youtu.be/LL5_NE0cKec

A couple of decades later, Timmie Rogers recorded a couple of TV scenes with a tiple that probably has been seen and heard by thousands, maybe millions, thanks to years of syndicated reruns of "Sanford and Son," where he played Smiley Rogers, a friend and singing duet partner of Fred Sanford (Redd Foxx)... 

https://youtu.be/arWaKKIVaRc

https://youtu.be/sHlNHGb1oAc

Finally, here is the only classical piece of music I've heard orchestrated for an ensemble that includes a tiple: Gymnopédie No. 1 - Eric Satie, arranged and performed by Russick Smith for cello, double bass, mandolin, tiple, resonator guitar, and banjo: https://youtu.be/3rRU6Zs4kIw

Speaking the old-time language

Heather Rousseau, a new photo journalist at the Roanoke Times, dove right into local culture with a photo and video story from the Sunday afternoon old-time jam at the Floyd Country Store

It was the first Sunday that I'd made it to the jam in weeks of bad weather and/or bad timing. She caught me playing the Firefly banjo-ukulele I've already written about here.

Surprises: Session leader Mac Traynham playing rhythm guitar instead of his usual fiddle or banjo, and my arriving in time to catch a seat between Mac and Radford neighbors Linda Frank & Chip Arnold.

I will send the photographer a note asking permission to "reprint" her close-up of the guy in the NPR cap playing a not-so-traditional banjo ukulele... But since it is property of the Roanoke Times, you might as well just go there and enjoy the whole presentation... if you haven't already been there via the flurry of posts on Facebook.

(note: this is my first attempt to use an Android phone app to post to blogger. I may have to come back and fix the link, edit embarrassing autocorrect errors, or something.)

In search of the mountain ukulele

This page has been updated many times since 2015, when the announcement of a Blacksburg and New River Valley ukulele get together inspired me to look into the past of ukulele playing in the region's oldtime music communities... My goal was to tell uke players that they didn't need to look for uke-only events, that they would not necessarily be met with scorn and derision at mixed jam sessions in the area, if they were willing to listen, learn some traditional old time string band tunes -- and keep within the style.

As I eventually learned, while they took a minor supporting role, ukes appeared to have been infiltrating old time music recordings in a small way even before John Hopkins' started strumming his triplets on a banjo ukulele loud and clear in the original "Hill Billies," 1926:

Blue Ridge Mountain Blues - The Hill Billies 1926!

Background from...

https://web.archive.org/web/20151005202634/http://www.oldtimemusic.com/FHOFBowman.html

"Al Hopkins ... was the leader of his own band called the Hill Billies (also known as the Buckle Busters). The band members consisted of Al Hopkins (piano), John Hopkins (ukulele), Joe Hopkins (guitar), John Rector (banjo), and Tony Alderman (fiddle).

"The Hill Billies had been discovered by Ralph Peer a year earlier and had made some records for Okeh (a forerunner of Columbia). When Ralph Peer asked Al Hopkins the name of his band, Al responded “We ain’t nothing but a bunch of hillbillies from North Carolina and Virginia. You can just call us anything.” Mr. Peer appropriately named them the “Hill Billies”.

Lyrics: http://www.traditionalmusic.co.uk/american-traditional-chords/blue_ridge_mountain_blues.htm

Tune History: 

http://jopiepopie.blogspot.com/2013/06/blue-ridge-mountain-blues-1924.html

More Hillbillies and Buckle Busters tunes...

"Oh Miss Lisa, Poor Gal..."

"Sally Ann"

"Texas Gals"

"Going Down The Road Feeling Bad"

(I could be wrong. You have to listen hard to be sure the uke is there, especially if the 5-string is playing rhythm on high notes)

Other Oldtime uke players...

Ada Powers (notice her central position, with uke,  in this great old fiddlers convention photo)

Alcyone Bates

The Four Virginians (with a uke-tuned 10-string tiple)

Price Goodson of Da Costa Woltz's Southern Broadcasters was only 12, according to the notes at YouTube, when he accompanied himself on uke and harmonica on Be Kind to a Man When He is Down in 1927, and provided uke rhythms behind the two banjos and fiddle on other songs. I'm keeping my eye open for the 1998 CD compilation of their recordings.

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Contemporary Neo-Oldtime Power Uke

I first heard the banjo ukulele played with a  fiddle and 5-string banjo in the late 1970s or early 1980s by a more contemporary band, the Horse Flies from Ithaca, N.Y. 

Alternating between guitar and banjo uke, depending on the tune, Jeff Claus provided a rock-solid rhythm for the band. I have seen an interview with him somewhere referring to the instrument as "a drum on a stick."

Another contemporary player, John Kelley, headed his web essay and instructional page about the instrument, "Banjo Uke -- the Tommy Gun of old time music!"

http://bassbox.org/banjouke/index.php

However, not all old time Fiddlers will appreciate having a Tommy Gun in their local jam session. It is best to ask, or be very sensitive to icy stares!

My Firefly & Clawhammer Banjo-uke

First flights with Firefly banjo-uke

Update, August 2021:

This picture turned up in an oldtime radio discussion forum... I had no idea George Gobel started out as an adolescent radio-barn-dance ukulele player during his "Georgie" days! By the 1950s when I first saw him, he was much better known as Ernie Ford's "little bitty buddy" strumming orchestral jazz chords on an oversize Gibson Super 400 guitar along with the jokes and songs on TV.

That big Gibson was almost part of the joke itself, looking out of proportion strapped around the diminutive crewcut Goble. Result: Gibson even named a custom smaller, slimmer jazz guitar after him. (I haven't seen any archival clips showing him going back to the ukulele, but wouldn't be surprised if that didn't turn up in one of Gobel and Ford's TV comedy skits.)

But that's not all... Continued research (OK, a five-minute browse with Google) led to this fascinating claim about the ukulele as a way to dodge musicians' union dues:

"He was one of the favorites, as well as the youngest performer at the time on WLS' National Barn Dance, a homegrown program which was hugely popular from its inception in 1924 and enduring for over 50 years. George's era started with his debut in 1933. George played the ukulele, which was not a union instrument, thereby avoiding paying union dues."

(Or maybe that was just a punchline in George's transition from mostly-musician to mostly-comedian?

Accidental Ukulele

I have been going to the wonderful twice-a-year Lake Eden Arts Festival (http://theLEAF.org) for almost 20 years, off and on, and have several ancient T-shirts to show for it. (This commemorative-T-shirt thing may prove embarrassing at a contra dance when one's partner notices a year on a shirt, does the math, and realizes this guy is wearing underwear older than she is.)

This fall I decided to pass up the T-shirt stand and contribute to the support of LEAF by buying some raffle tickets instead. The decision was a very lucky one...

Jay Lichty of Tryon, N.C., (http://lichtyguitars.com) built this one-of-a-kind ukulele and donated it to LEAF for the benefit raffle. He used all-recycled woods... a North Carolina mountain cabin's floor for the back and sides, a retired mahogany bedpost for the neck, and "sunken cedar" for the top.  Because of the instrument's North Carolina roots -- and the underwater cedar -- Doc Watson's "Deep River Blues" seemed an appropriate first tune to play. I gave it a try in the LEAF office when I showed up to claim the prize, and then played it again at home to make this rough little video.

Don't worry, I didn't think my singing would add anything to the ukulele demo. (Incidentally, this is my first experience with a "low-G" tenor ukulele, which seemed especially well suited to a slight adaptation of the guitar arrangement of this tune.) If you'd like to sing along, I found the "Deep River Blues" lyrics over at the Digital Tradition collection at the Mudcat Cafe, a great resource for folksong fans.

Jay himself recorded a few tunes with the uke and put them on his website. They give a much better indication of the range of this lovely instrument. They also may have been recorded with a much better microphone -- or the uke's built-in pickup, which I didn't even notice until I'd owned it for a few days. (Since that page of his was for the raffle -- which is now over -- I don't know how long he'll keep it around.)

I found out later he had posted photos of the uke under construction, and they are still there.

---

Unfortunately, all I had handy was my MacBook with its built-in camera and microphone, which I figured would be fine a test drive at the uploading process. YouTube didn't want to accept the original file, so I uploaded it directly with Blogger -- which may only have a "Flash" player for videos, making the clip invisible to iPads and other discerning devices. Since then, I've tried some file-conversion software, which appeared to solve YouTube's problem with accepting the original file. Using Blogger's "insert from YouTube" setting still produces a rather small display window on this page and still seems to only offer a Flash video player, but the quality of the video itself seems better than the original. I've linked the still image above to YouTube for a larger-format display.
For any Web production students curious about my video problems, I've included both versions below. After years of mostly using WordPress blogs, I clearly have to refresh my knowledge of the current version of Blogger! But playing the ukulele is much more fun. If your device won't play the video in this window, just follow this link to launch the video in YouTube itself: http://youtu.be/0L9PyUTHqlU

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Earlier upload (Google/Blogger video player):

Yes, it's a ukulele -- and a banjo

My "Firefly" banjo-uke raises a few eyebrows around old-time Appalachian music sessions, so I thought I'd put some links here... And maybe a YouTube video of myself when I get around to it. (This is also my first attempt at posting to this old blogger blog from an iPad, so some editing and correction of  links and players for other folks' YouTube videos may be necessary.)

It has four nylon strings (like a uke) and a drum-head (like a banjo). It also tunes uke style, g-C-E-a, with the two outside strings being the highest pitches. The high "g" is the string closest to the thumb, which is also true of the five-string banjo. That coincidence has inspired me to experiment with playing in a "claw hammer" oldtime banjo style, as well as more traditional uke strumming and picking styles.

In addition to playing it in Radford, Blacksburg and Floyd, I've inflicted it on that old gang of mine in Connecticut in December, strumming along on sea chanteys and drinking songs in the pub:
Http://thejovialcrew.com/?page_id=1475

The Firefly is a modern design from a Massachusetts company called http://MagicFluke.com -- I bought mine from http://MimsUkes.com in Floyd, Va., so that I could try it first. I like it because it is incredibly light and, with an extra-long neck, can be adapted to play in more keys, using a capo for some tunes in the keys of A and D.
Here's "Redhaired Boy," usually played in A on fiddle, but sometimes sung as the Irish ditty "Little Beggarman" in other keys. I have experimented with it in both key of C and key of D fingerings on the banjo ukulele.

https://youtu.be/7tAytt4Mhn4

The first time I saw the banjo uke merging with oldtime tunes was 30-some years ago, in the hands of Jeff Claus of the Horseflies, providing a driving rhythm for the band's neo-primitive bug music. More recent example: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FaVFzdroXKg

 There's no Firefly-Horseflies connection, as far as I know, but stranger things have happened. TheFirefly's  lightness I mentioned is the result of MagicFluke's buying the "drum" shell and its synthetic head already molded or cemented together. There are no metal mounting brackets (originally needed to adjust the tension of  humidity-sensitive natural skin banjoheads) and no wood and metal resonator like some 1920s models. As a result I can head for a jam session carrying a guitar, a mandolin, and the Firefly without needing a cart or pack animal, or feeling like one. And it is so much fun that I often wind up leaving the guitar at home.

Curiously, the razzmatazz strumming style banjo-uke (a.k.a. banjolele) has quite a following in the U.K. (No U.K./uke pun intended) because of a 1930s-40s comedian, singer, actor and pop star named George Formby, who never quite caught on in the States. The George Formby Society (http://www.georgeformby.co.uk) keeps his legend alive and active over there (http://www.georgeformby.co.uk/news/morecambe/130214.html).

For a frighteningly modern development, explore the phenomenon called "chap-hop."

http://youtu.be/6t28COxEp2k